Ecological niche is:

(1) The surface area of the ocean

(2) An ecologically adapted zone

(3) The physical position and functional role of a species within the community

(4) Formed of all plants and animals living at the bottom of a lake

I. Organisms living in oceans, lakes, and rivers face water-related problems.
II. Euryhaline can tolerate a wide range of salinities
III. Stenohaline are restricted to a narrow range of salinities
IV. No freshwater animals cannot live for long in seawater but sea animals can live in freshwater for a long time because of osmotic balance
V. The salt concentration (measured as salinity in parts per thousand), is less than 5 in inland water, 30-35 in the sea, and >100 in some hypersaline lagoons.
(1) All are correct                     

(2) All are false

(3) Only IV is wrong                 

(4) Only I, III, V are correct

Which of the following term implies the maintenance of relatively constant physical and chemical conditions with organisms?

(1) Homeostasis   

(2) Adaptation      

(3) Isometry         

(4) Acclimation

Human can get homeostasis through:

(1) Only physiological means

(2) Only physical means

(3) Both physiological and physical means

(4) Neither physiological nor physical means

Which of the following statement is false?
(1) Osmoconformors are able to maintain homeostasis by physiological means or sometimes behavioural means also which ensure constant body temperature, constant osmotic concentration etc

(2) All birds and mammals, and a very few lower vertebrates and invertebrates are capable of osmoregulation and thermoregulation

(3) Thermoregulation is the major reason of the success mammals

(4) Sweating and shivering are the means of thermoregulation by humans

I. Thermoregulation, osmoregulation and excretion are mechanisms that moderate change in the body.
II. 99% animals and almost all plants are conformers
III. Heat loss or heat gain is a function of surface area.
IV. Thermoregulation energetically least expensive process for many organisms like shrews and humming birds
V. 99% animals are thermoregulator
VI. Archaebacteria cannot tolerate high temperature
(1) I and II are wrong                 

(2) IV, V and VI are wrong

(3) None is wrong                       

(4) All are wrong

Why small animals are not found in polar area mostly?

(1) Because they have a smaller surface area relative to their volume

(2) Because they have a larger volume relative to their surface area

(3) Because they have a smaller metabolic rate

(4) Because they have a larger surface area relative to their volume

Kangaroo rats:

(1) Have a generalized diet               

(2) Avoid eating fats

(3) Do not need to drink water          

(4) Are insensitive to heat

Find out false one:
(1) Mammals from colder climate generally have shorter ears and limbs to minimise heat loss

(2) All organisms have behavioural adaptations that allow them to respond quickly to a stressful situation

(3) Some organisms possess adaptations that are physiological which allow them to respond quickly to a stressful situation

(4) A large variety of invertebrates and fish live at great depths in the ocean where the pressure could be > 100 times than the normal atmospheric pressure

Which of the following statement is false with respect to adaptations?
(1) Many xerophytic plants have thick cuticle on leaf epidermis, sunken stomata

(2) Some xerophytic plants have special photosynthetic pathway (CAM) that enables their stomata close during day

(3) Opuntia has spines (modified leaves), photosynthetic phylloclade (stem)

(4) All adaptations are genetically fixed all organisms