| 1. | Bioprocess engineering | – | Maintenance of sterile ambience |
| 2. | Genetic engineering | – | Alteration of genetic material |
| 3. | Downstream processing | – | Biosynthetic stage |
| 4. | Biosynthetic stage | – | Culturing of recombinant host cells |
| Column I | Column II | ||
| a. | Salmonella typhimurium | (i) | Source of EcoRI |
| b. | Bacillus thuringiensis | (ii) | Used in developing transgenic tobacco plant |
| c. | Agrobacterium tumefaciens |
(iii) | Used in creating first recombinant DNA |
| d. | Escherichia coli | (iv) | Gene used in creating biopesticide |