| a: | Plant cell walls are made of cellulose. |
| b: | Fungal cell walls are made of chitin. |
| c: | True bacterial cell walls are made of lipopolysaccharides. |
| d: | Archaeal cell walls are made of sporopollenin. |
| I: | are polynucleotides. |
| II: | are constituents of the true macromolecular fraction of any living tissue or cell. |
| I: | The sequence of amino acids i.e., the positional information in a protein is called the primary structure of a protein. |
| II: | A protein is imagined as a line, the left end represented by the first amino acid and the right end represented by the last amino acid. |
| III: | The first amino acid is also called as C-terminal amino acid and the last amino acid is called the N-terminal amino acid. |
| I: | when the carboxyl (-COOH) group of one amino acid reacts with the amino (-NH2) group of the next amino acid |
| II: | with the elimination of a water moiety (the process is called dehydration) |
| 1. | 5’ – 3’ | 2. | 3’ – 5’ |
| 3. | 1’ – 3’ | 4. | 3’ – 1’ |
| 1. | Primary structure | 2. | Secondary structure |
| 3. | Tertiary structure | 4. | Quaternary structure |
| 1. | nucleic acids | 2. | carbohydrates |
| 3. | lipids | 4. | metal ions |