Select the correct option based on the statements below:
| Assertion (A): | Phenols give o-and p-nitrophenol on nitration with conc. HNO3 and H2SO4 mixture. |
| Reason (R): | —OH group in phenol is o-, p-directing. |
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). |
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). |
| 3. | (A) is true but (R) is false. |
| 4. | (A) is false but (R) is true. |
When phenols react with dil. HNO3 and H2SO4 mixture, nitration occurs at the ortho and para positions. The -OH group is an electron-donating group and, thus, ortho, para-directing group. The reaction is as follows:
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