Ncert Exercises & Solutions

If there were only one type of charge in the universe, then,

1.	$\oint_{s} E . d S \neq 0$ on any surface.
2.	$\oint_{s} E . d S = 0$ if the charge is outside the surface.
3.	$\oint_{s} E . d S$ could not be defined.
4.	$\oint_{s} E . dS = \frac{q}{ε_{0}}$ if charges of magnitude q were inside the surface.

Choose the correct statement(s):
1. a and d
2. a and c
3. b and d
4. c and d

(3) Hint: Use Gauss' law.

Step 1: Find the electric flux passing through a surface.
Gauss' law states that

\oint_{s} E . dS = \frac{q}{ε_{0}}

, where q is the charge enclosed by the surface. If the charge is outside the surface, then the charge enclosed by the surface is equal to 0 and thus,

\oint_{s} E . d S = 0

. Here, the electric flux doesn't depend on the type or nature of the charge.

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