| Assertion(A): | Mutant plants that are not able to carry out cyclic electron flow do not grow well in intense light conditions. | 
| Reason(R): | Cyclic electron flow may be photoprotective. | 
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A) | 
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). | 
| 3. | (A) is true but (R) is false. | 
| 4. | Both (A) and (R) are false. | 
Assertion: Plastocyanin moves within the thylakoid membranes and plastoquinones move through the thylakoid lumen.
Reason: Plastocyanin is lipid soluble while plastoquinones are not.
| 1. | Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion. | 
| 2. | Both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion. | 
| 3. | Assertion is true but reason is false. | 
| 4. | Both assertion and reason are false | 
| Assertion(A): | For every three molecules of \(CO_2\) that enter the Calvin cycle, six molecules of G3P are formed but only one molecule of G3P can be counted as a net gain. | 
| Reason(R): | The rest are required to complete the cycle. | 
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). | 
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). | 
| 3. | (A) is true but (R) is false. | 
| 4. | Both (A) and (R) are false | 
| Assertion(A): | The enzyme phosphoglycerate kinase[PGK] is present in all living organisms. | 
| Reason(R): | In the Calvin cycle, PGK catalyzes the phosphorylation of 3-PG, producing 1,3-BPG and ADP, as part of the reactions that regenerate ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate. | 
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) is the correct explanation of (A) | 
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). | 
| 3. | (A) is True but (R) is False. | 
| 4. | Both (A) and (R) are False. | 
Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R):
| Assertion (A): | Carbon fixation by RuBisCO can be enhanced by increasing the carbon dioxide level in the compartment containing RuBisCO. | 
| Reason (R): | Carbon dioxide and oxygen compete at the active site of RuBisCO. | 
In the light of the above statements choose the correct answer from the options given below:
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). | 
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). | 
| 3. | (A) is True but (R) is False. | 
| 4. | Both (A) and (R) are False. | 
| Assertion(A): | Photorespiration is considered as an evolutionary relic. | 
| Reason(R): | Unlike normal cellular respiration it uses ATP rather than generating it and unlike photosynthesis it produces no sugar. | 
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of the (A). | 
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A) | 
| 3. | (A) is true but (R) is false. | 
| 4. | Both (A) and (R) are false. | 
Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R):
| Assertion (A): | PEP carboxylase can fix carbon more efficiently than RuBisCO when it is hot and dry and stomata are partially closed. | 
| Reason (R): | PEP carboxylase has a much high affinity for CO2 than RuBisCO and no affinity for O2. | 
In the light of the above statements choose the correct answer from the options given below:
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). | 
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). | 
| 3. | (A) is True but (R) is False. | 
| 4. | Both (A) and (R) are False. | 
| Assertion(A): | The primary function of kranz anatomy is to provide a site in which CO2 can be concentrated around RuBisCO, thereby avoiding photorespiration. | 
| Reason(R): | The mesophyll cells have a suberized cell wall and have a low conductance for CO2. | 
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A) | 
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). | 
| 3. | (A) is true but (R) is false. | 
| 4. | Both (A) and (R) are false. | 
| Assertion(A): | Cyclic electron flow is the only photosynthetic mode of generating ATP for bundle sheath cells. | 
| Reason(R): | Bundle sheath cells contain PS I but no PS II. | 
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). | 
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). | 
| 3. | (A) is true but (R) is false. | 
| 4. | Both (A) and (R) are false. | 
| Assertion(A): | CAM is an adaptation for increased efficiency in the use of water, and so is typically found in plants growing in arid conditions. | 
| Reason(R): | The most important benefit of CAM to the plant is the ability to leave most leaf stomata open during the day. | 
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A) | 
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). | 
| 3. | (A) is true but (R) is false. | 
| 4. | Both (A) and (R) are false |