Q. No.2,3-diphosphoglycerate in red blood cells:
1. enhances oxygen unloading at the systemic capillaries
2. makes deoxyhemoglobin less stable
3. shifts the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve to the left
4. stimulates the production of more red blood cells
1. enhances oxygen unloading at the systemic capillaries
2. makes deoxyhemoglobin less stable
3. shifts the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve to the left
4. stimulates the production of more red blood cells
Four globin chains [ 2 alpha and 2 gamma] constitute the structure of:
1. hemoglobin A
2. hemoglobin F
3. hemoglobin S
4. methemoglobin
The abnormal hemoglobin seen in patients of sickle cell anemia is HbS. It is different in structure from the normal HbA because:
| 1. | glutamic acid is replaced by valine in the beta chain |
| 2. | the two beta chains are replaced by gamma chains |
| 3. | it has two heme groups instead of four |
| 4. | it consists of only a single globin chain and heme |
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The amount of air that remains in a person's lungs after fully exhaling is known as:
| 1. tidal volume | 2. expiratory reserve volume |
| 3. vital capacity | 4. residual volume |
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The basic rhythm of breathing is controlled by:
1. peripheral chemoreceptors
2. dorsal respiratory group of the medullary rhythmicity center
3. ventral respiratory group of the medullary rhythmicity center
4. pneumotaxic area
Gas exchange in the human lungs takes place across the respiratory membrane which is made up of:
1. alveolar macrophages and the alveolar cell membrane
2. alveolar cell membrane and its basement membrane
3. alveolar cell membrane and capillary membrane
4. alveolar cell membrane, capillary membrane, and fused basement membranes
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The opening between the vocal folds is called:
| 1. | trachea | 2. | epiglottis |
| 3. | laryngopharynx | 4. | glottis |
An important region of the body located between the lungs, where structures like the heart lie, is known as:
| 1. pleural cavity | 2. thoracic space |
| 3. mediastinum | 4. pericardial cavity |
The external intercostal muscles and the diaphragm contract:
1. during inhalation
2. during exhalation
3. during both inhalation and exhalation
4. during neither inhalation nor exhalation.
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All terrestrial vertebrates, except amphibians, breathe by expanding their lungs due to
1. negative pressure within the lungs
2. positive pressure within the lungs
3. neutral pressure within the lungs
4. countercurrent pressure within the lungs
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