Q. No.Bacteria that are unable to synthesize chemicals that allow the formation of ice crystals have been engineered. Commercial fruit farmers can spray this bacterial strain on their fruit plants, with the idea that they will compete with unmodified bacteria and reduce frost damage. This is an example of:
1. Bioremediation 2. Biological control 3. Biodegradation 4. Bioeradication
In gene knockout technology:
| 1. | A gene is inserted by nonhomologous recombination. |
| 2. | A mutant gene is replaced by a functional copy. |
| 3. | A functional gene is replaced by a mutant copy. |
| 4. | A functional gene is inserted in addition to the mutant copy. |
Which of the following explains why production of transgenic plants is easier than production of transgenic animals?
1. Plant cells can grow in cell culture.
2. Plant cells have a lower number of potentially lethal genes.
3. Plant cells are totipotent.
4. Production of mutant plants poses less ethical dilemmas than production of mutant animals.
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Which of these uses of transgenic technology is not directly relevant to agricultural applications?
| 1. | Production of a pharmaceutical protein in goat's milk. |
| 2. | Production of salmon that grow all year round instead of just in warm weather. |
| 3. | Production of soybean plants that are resistant to herbicides. |
| 4. | Production of "super mice" that carry the human growth hormone gene. |
Which of these is an accurate description of gene therapy?
| 1. | A form of site directed mutagenesis. |
| 2. | Introduction of cloned genes into living cells to cure disease. |
| 3. | Cloning of a disease gene in order to understand the disease. |
| 4. | All of these. |
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In the first gene cloning experiment:
| 1. | Researchers successfully identified a human gene responsible for the disease. |
| 2. | Researchers successfully inserted a gene for kanamycin resistance into a plasmid vector. |
| 3. | Researchers demonstrated that many different DNA fragments could insert into a plasmid vector |
| 4. | Researchers produced a strain of bacteriophage with an increased ability to infect E. coli. |
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Diseases amenable to treatment by gene therapy:
1. Must be relatively mild.
2. Must be caused by a defect in cells that are clinically accessible.
3. Must have other types of treatments available in case gene therapy fails.
4. Must lower the humoral and cell mediated immune responses
One possible use of transgenic plants is in the production of human proteins, such as vaccines. Which of the following is a possible hindrance that must be overcome?
| 1. | prevention of transmission of plant allergens to the vaccine recipients |
| 2. | prevention of vaccine-containing plants being consumed by insects |
| 3. | use of plant cells to translate non-plant derived mRNA |
| 4. | inability of the human digestive system to accept plant-derived protein |
Which of the following is one of the technical reasons why gene therapy is problematic?
| 1. | Most cells with an engineered gene do not produce gene products. |
| 2. | Most cells with engineered genes overwhelm other cells in a tissue. |
| 3. | Cells with transferred genes are unlikely to replicate. |
| 4. | Transferred genes may not have appropriately controlled activity. |
Prior to the production of recombinant human insulin, diabetic patients could use insulin isolated from cattle. Which of the listed items would not be a drawback to this procedure?
| 1. | Insulin from cattle is slightly different from human insulin, potentially leading to allergic reactions. |
| 2. | Members of some religions consider cattle sacred and thus are unable to use insulin isolated from cattle. |
| 3. | Infectious diseases may be transferred in the isolated insulin. |
| 4. | Despite the relatively stable supply of cattle pancreases from slaughterhouses, insulin isolated from cattle is still relatively expensive and is in, somewhat, limited supply. |
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