A keystone species is one that:

(1) Has a higher likelihood of extinction than a non keystone species

(2) Exerts a strong influence on an ecosystem

(3) Causes other species to become extinct

(4) Has a weak influence on an ecosystem

One of the following statements is incorrect with reference to biodiversity. Identify it:

1. The richest reservoirs of animal and plant life (high species richness) with few or no threatened species are called 'biodiversity hotspots’

2. Biodiversity increases from higher altitudes to lower altitudes

3. Biodiversity decreases from the equator to polar regions

4. Depletion in genetic diversity of crop plants is mainly due to the introduction of better varieties with high yield, disease resistance, etc.

In situ strategies include-

A. Biosphere reserve

B. National park

Wildlife sanctuaries

D. Sacred forests / lakes

(1) A, B

(2) A, B, C

(3) B, C, D

(4) A, B, C, D

Ex situ strategies include:
A. Botanical garden
B. Zoos
C. Seed / Pollen banks   
D. Gene bank and tissue culture

(1) A, B                

(2) A, B, C            

(3) B, C, D            

(4) A, B, C, D

According to the concept of species area relations:

(1) The number of species in an area increases with the size of the area

(2) Larger species require larger habitat areas than do smaller species

(3) Most species within any given area are endemic

(4) The larger the area, the greater the extinction rate

The exotic species, introduced in India for its flower and leaf is:

(1) Lantana                                       
(2) Water Hyacinth (Eicchornia)
(3) Parthenium                                  
(4) All are correct

Column-I                                          Column-II

(1) I - B, II - A, III - D, IV - C            

(2) I - D, II - A, III - B, IV - C

(3) I - A, II - C, III - B, IV - D             

(4) I - B, II - A, III - C, IV - D

Which one the following is false about Habitat loss and fragmentation?
(1) This is the most important cause driving animals and plants to extinction

(2) The most dramatic examples of habitat loss come from temperate rainforests

(3) Once covering more than 14% of the earth's land surface, rain forests now cover no more than 6 percent.

(4) The Amazon rainforest harbouring probably millions of species is being cut and cleared for cultivating soya beans or for conversion to grassland for raising beef cattle

Global species diversity and land area covered by India with respect to world is:

(1) 12%, 7%        

(2) 2.4%, 9%       

(3) 8.1%, 2.4%    

(4) 4%, 3%

The great German naturalist and geographer Alexander von Humboldt observed that within a region species richness increased with increasing explored area, but only up to a limit. In fact, relation between species richness and area for a wide variety of taxa (angiosperm plants, birds, bats, freshwater fishes) turns out to be a rectangular hyperbola. Now find out correct equations shown in the graph:

1. I - S = CA^Z; II - Log S = log C + Z log A

2. I - Log S = log C + Z log A; II - S = CA^Z

3. I - S = CA^Z + log C; II - Log S = log C + Z log A

4. I - S = CA^Z + log A; II - Log S = log C + Z log A