| Assertion (A): | In eukaryotic cells, there is an extensive compartmentalisation of cytoplasm. |
| Reason (R): | Eukaryotic cells possess an organised nucleus with a nuclear envelope. |
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) correctly explains the (A). |
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) does not correctly explain the(A). |
| 3. | (A) is True; (R) is False |
| 4. | Both (A) and (R) are False |
| I: | Plant cells possess cell walls, plastids and a large central vacuole which are absent in animal cells. |
| II: | Animal cells have centrioles which are absent in almost all plant cells. |
| 1. | The cell membrane is mainly composed of lipids and proteins. |
| 2. | The major lipids are phospholipids that are arranged in a bilayer. |
| 3. | The lipids are arranged within the membrane with the polar head towards the inner sides and the hydrophobic tails towards the outer part. |
| 4. | In addition to phospholipids, membrane also contains cholesterol. |
| 1. | 52 per cent protein and 40 per cent lipids. |
| 2. | 40 per cent protein and 52 per cent lipids. |
| 3. | 50 per cent protein and 40 per cent lipids. |
| 4. | 60 per cent protein and 40 per cent lipids. |
| 1. | simple diffusion | 2. | facilitated diffusion |
| 3. | osmosis | 4. | active transport |
| I: | A non-living rigid structure called the cell wall forms an outer covering for the plasma membrane of fungi and plants. |
| II: | Cell wall not only gives shape to the cell and protects the cell from mechanical damage and infection, it also helps in cell-to-cell interaction and provides barrier to undesirable macromolecules. |
| III: | Algae have cell wall, made of cellulose, galactans, mannans and minerals like calcium carbonate, while in other plants it consists of cellulose, hemicellulose, pectins and proteins. |
| IV: | The cell wall of a young plant cell, the primary wall is capable of growth. |
| V: | The secondary wall is formed on the outer (towards middle lamella) side of the cell. |
| 1. | Sodium alginate | 2. | Magnesium silicate |
| 3. | calcium pectate | 4. | Aluminium hydroxide |
| 1. | Lysosomes | 2. | Golgi Apparatus |
| 3. | Vacuole | 4. | Mitochondria |
| I: | ER divides the intracellular space into two distinct compartments, i.e., luminal (inside ER) and extra luminal (cytoplasm) compartments. |
| II: | RER is frequently observed in the cells actively involved in protein synthesis and secretion. |
| III: | RER are extensive and continuous with the outer membrane of the nucleus. |
| IV: | The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is the major site for synthesis of lipid. |
| V: | In animal cells, lipid-like steroidal hormones are synthesised in SER. |
| 1. | Peroxisomes | 2. | Glyoxysomes |
| 3. | Lysosomes | 4. | Carboxysomes |