| 1. | 1 to 5 | 2. | 2 to 10 |
| 3. | 20 to 30 | 4. | 40 to 60 |
| 1. | Hydrarch succession leads to xeric conditions. |
| 2. | Xerarch succession leads to hydric conditions. |
| 3. | Both xerarch and hydrarch successions may lead to either xeric or hydric conditions. |
| 4. | Both xerarch and hydrarch successions lead to mesic conditions. |
| Assertion (A): | Heterotrophs generally have high energy conversion efficiencies when compared to those of plants. |
| Reason (R): | At higher trophic levels, the respiratory costs are dramatically reduced. |
| 1. | (A) is True but (R) is False |
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) correctly explains (R) |
| 3. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) does not correctly explain (A) |
| 4. | Both (A) and (R) are False |
Consider the two given statements:
| Assertion (A): | Secondary succession is faster than the primary succession. |
| Reason (R): | Soil is already there at the time of secondary succession. |
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) correctly explains the (A) |
| 2. | (A) is True but (R) is False |
| 3. | (A) is False but (R) is True |
| 4. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) does not correctly explain (A) |
| A: | Detrivores perform fragmentation. |
| B: | The humus is further degraded by some microbes during mineralization. |
| C: | Water soluble inorganic nutrients go down into the soil and get precipitated by a process called leaching. |
| D: | The detritus food chain begins with living organisms. |
| E: | Earthworms break down detritus into smaller particles by a process called catabolism. |
| 1. | D, E, A only | 2. | A, B, C only |
| 3. | B, C, D only | 4. | C, D, E only |