An element among the following that shows the maximum number of oxidation states is:
1. Cr
2. Fe
3. Mn
4. V

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Match the following aspects with the respective metal.
Aspects Metal
(a) The metal which reveals a (i) Scandium
maximum number of
oxidation states
(b) The metal although placed (ii) Copper
in 3d block is considered
not as a transition element
(c) The metal which does not (iii) Manganese
exhibit variable oxidation states
(d) The metal which in +1 (iv) Zinc
oxidation state in aqueous
solution undergoes
disproportionation
Select the correct option :
(1) (a)-(i) (b)-(iv) (c)-(ii) (d)-(iii)
(2) (a)-(iii) (b)-(iv) (c)-(i) (d)-(ii)
(3) (a)-(iii) (b)-(i) (c)-(iv) (d)-(ii)
(4) (a)-(ii) (b)-(iv) (c)-(i) (d)-(iii)
| Assertion (A): | Transition metals and their compounds are effective catalysts. |
| Reason (R): | They have the ability to adopt multiple oxidation states and to form complexes. |
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). |
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). |
| 3. | (A) is true but (R) is false. |
| 4. | Both (A) and (R) are false. |
Gadolinium (atomic number 64) belongs to the 4f series.
The correct electronic configuration of gadolinium among the following is:
\(1. (X e) 4 f^{7} 5 d^{1} 6 s^{2} \)
2. \( (X e) 4 f^{6} 5 d^{2} 6 s^{2}\)
3. \((X e) 4 f^{8} 6 d^{2}\)
4. \((X e) 4 f^{9} 5 s^{1}\)

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| 1. | The extra stability of configurations such as d5, d10 |
| 2. | The less stability of configurations such as d5, d10 |
| 3. | The extra stability of configurations such as d4, d6 |
| 4. | The extra stability of configurations such as d7, d8 |

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The magnetic nature of elements depends on the presence of unpaired electrons. Identify the configuration of the transition element, which shows the highest magnetic moment.
| 1. | 2. | ||
| 3. | 4. |

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A pair of ions that have the same electronic configuration among their constituent species is:
1. \(Sr^{3+}, Cr^{3+}\)
2. \(Fe^{3+}, Mn^{2+}\)
3. \(Fe^{3+}, Co^{3+}\)
4. \(Cr^{3+}, Fe^{3+}\)
Which transition element does not exhibit variable oxidation states?
1. Manganese (\(Mn\))
2. Chromium(\(Cr\))
3. Scandium(\(Sc\))
4. Iron(\(Fe\))

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