Q. No.A minimal amount of pleural fluid present in the pleural cavity:
1. provides a medium for the exchange of respiratory gases
2. reduces friction between the visceral and parietal pleurae
3. provides lubrication for movements of the diaphragm
4. permits the exchange of electrolytes during respiration
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During deglutition, the food is prevented from entering into the larynx by the cartilaginous:
| 1. epiglottis | 2. glottis |
| 3. aryepiglottic fold | 4. laryngeal prominence |
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The trachea divides into a right and a left primary bronchus at the level of:
| 1. 2nd thoracic vertebra | 2. 3rd thoracic vertebra |
| 3. 5th thoracic vertebra | 4. 12th thoracic vertebra |
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The alveoli are lined with:
1. Simple cuboidal epithelium
2. Pseudo-stratified columnar ciliated epithelium
3. Transitional epithelium
4. Simple squamous epithelium
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The conducting part of the human respiratory system is not involved in:
I. clearing inhaled air from foreign particles
II. humidifying the exhaled air
III. bringing the air to a temperature higher than body temperature
| 1. Only I | 2. Only II and III |
| 3. Only I and II | 4. I, II and III |
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I: P is an incomplete cartilaginous ring seen only in trachea and principal bronchus.
II: Q is the point where the trachea divides into a right and left primary bronchus and corresponds to the level of 5th thoracic vertebra.
III: R shows the double-layered pleura where the outer pleural membrane is in close contact with the thoracic lining.
IV: S is pleural cavity with minimal amount of pleural fluid which reduces friction on the lung surface.
| 1. Only I, II and III | 2. Only I, III and IV |
| 3. Only II, III and IV | 4. I, II, III and IV |
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It is necessary that lungs must be present in anatomically air-tight chamber because:
1. we cannot directly alter the pulmonary volume
2. our lungs are not made of any elastic tissue
3. the pleural cavity always has a positive pressure with respect to pulmonary pressure
4. the partial pressure of oxygen in atmosphere is less than that in the alveoli
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During expiration, the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles are:
1. contracted
2. relaxed
3. flexed
4. both relaxed (diaphragm) and flexed (intercostal muscles)
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A measure of the amount of air a person inhales during a normal breath is:
| 1. inspiratory reserve volume | 2. vital capacity |
| 3. total lung capacity | 4. tidal volume |
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The amount of air that remains in a person's lungs after fully exhaling is known as:
| 1. tidal volume | 2. expiratory reserve volume |
| 3. vital capacity | 4. residual volume |
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