Which of the following has the highest affinity for oxygen?
1. HbS
2. HbA
3. HbF
4. Methemoglobin

Hemoglobin in blood can more readily combine with carbon dioxide when blood passes through the tissues. This is due to:
1. Bohr effect.
2. Haldane effect
3. chloride shift
4. Hering-Breuer Reflex

Why is oxygen transport affected in carbon monoxide poisoning?

1. More carbonic acid will be produced, and the hemoglobin will give up more oxygen to the tissue.

2. Hemoglobin will bind to less oxygen, and hemoglobin will not release as much oxygen to the tissue.

3. Carbon monoxide makes hemoglobin give up oxygen more readily in the tissues.

4. Carbon monoxide ties up hemoglobin's ability to bind to oxygen, but more hemoglobin will be produced, so no decline in oxygen in the tissue will be noticed.

Assertion: Chloride concentration is higher in systemic venous blood than in systemic arterial blood.
Reason: The rise in intracellular bicarbonate in RBCs leads to bicarbonate intake and chloride export.

1. Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
3. Assertion is true but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.

Some pathogens can reach the alveoli, they can still be destroyed by:

1. macrophages in the pulmonary lymph nodes
2. NK cells in the elastic tissues of the lungs
3. cytotoxic T-lymphocytes
4. alveolar macrophages

Which occupational lung disorder can lead to cancer of lung?
1. Silicosis
2. Byssinosis
3. Bagassosis
4. Asbestosis

What is the correct chronological sequence of the following structures as air passes through them in inhalation?
a. alveolar duct
b. alveolus
c. respiratory bronchiole
d. terminal bronchiole
1. a, b, c, d
2. b, c, d, a
3. c, d, a, b
4. d, c, a, b

The most efficient respiratory system amongst the following would be:
1. mammal lungs
2. reptile lungs
3. bird lungs
4. fish gills

A person has a normal exhalation. Which of the following would be true at the end of this effort?

1. The pressure of the intrapleural cavity is the same as atmospheric pressure

2. The alveolar pressure is less than atmospheric pressure

3. The tendency for the lungs to recoil to an unstretched state is balanced by the tendency of the chest wall to expand

4. Alveolar pressure minus intrapleural pressure is zero

All the following changes occur in the circulatory system when a fetus is delivered and begins to breathe on its own for the first time except:
1. the rate of blood flow through pulmonary circulation decreases
2. the foramen ovale closes
3. the ductus arteriosus closes
4. the resistance to blood flow through the lung decreases