Identify the incorrect statement regarding viroids:
1. Viroids are the smallest infectious pathogens known.
2. They are composed solely of a short strand of circular, single-stranded RNA that has no protein coating.
3. The first recognized viroid, the pathogenic agent of the potato spindle tuber disease, was discovered by Theodor Otto Diener.
4. The nucleic acid of viroids codes for only a few proteins.

A location with luxuriant growth of lichens on the trees indicates that the:

T.O. Diener discovered a

Which of the following statements is correct?
1. Lichens do not grow in polluted areas.
2. Algal component of lichens is called mycobiont.
3. Fungal component of lichens is called phycobiont.
4. Lichens are not good pollution indicators.

Which of the following statements is incorrect?
1. Prions consist of abnormally folded proteins
2. Viroids lack a protein coat
3. Viruses are obligate parasites
4. Infective constituent in viruses is the protein coat

Which disease of man is similar to cattle's, bovine spongiform encephalopathy:

Viruses are no more "alive" than isolated chromosomes because: -
1. They require both RNA and DNA
2. They both need food molecules
3. They both require oxygen for respiration
4. Both require the environment of a cell to replicate

The correct chronology of the steps seen in the sexual cycle in fungi will be:
1. Plasmogamy – Karyogamy – Meiosis in zygote
2. Karyogamy – Plasmogamy – Meiosis in zygote
3. Plasmogamy – Meiosis in zygote – Karyogamy
4. Karyogamy – Meiosis in zygote – Plasmogamy

Which of the following is not a character of members of Kingdom Fungi?
1. Thalloid body
2. Lacking chlorophyll
3. Store starch as reserve carbohydrates
4. Heterotrophic mode of life

After karyogamy followed by meiosis, spores are produced exogenously in