| 1. | Flippers of penguins and Dolphins | Analogous Organ |
| 2. | Koala and Bandicoot | Adaptive Radiation |
| 3. | Lemur and spotted cuscus | Convergent Evolution |
| 4. | Sweet potato and ptato | Divergent Evolution |
| 1. | Sympatric |
| 2. | Undergoing disruptive selection |
| 3. | Allopatric |
| 4. | Not geographically separated |
| 1. | Saltatory and stochastic |
| 2. | Gradual and determined |
| 3. | Saltatory and punctuated |
| 4. | Gradual and stochastic |
| Assertion(A): | Analogous structures are a result of convergent evolution |
| Reason(R): | More than one adaptive radiation appeared to have occurred in an isolated geographical area, is the convergent evolution |
| 1. | Both (A) & (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A) |
| 2. | Both (A) & (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A) |
| 3. | (A) is true but (R) is false |
| 4. | Both (A) and (R) are false statements |
| 1. | If operates in large populations |
| 2. | If always eliminates favourable allele from a population. |
| 3. | If work in opposite to natural selection |
| 4. | If can not fix non-adaptive trait in a population |
| Assertion(A): | Ginkgo biloba is living fossil. |
| Reason(R): | Organism which have persisted and remain unchanged for the past several million years while their relatives disappeared. |
| 1. | Both (A) & (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A) |
| 2. | Both (A) & (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A) |
| 3. | (A) is true but (R) is false |
| 4. | Both (A) and (R) are false |
| Assertion(A): | Some mutations are spontaneous, others are due to environmental mutagens. |
| Reason(R): | Mutations due to replication errors are very rare. |
| 1. | Both (A) & (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A) |
| 2. | Both (A) & (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A) |
| 3. | (A) is true statement but (R) is false |
| 4. | Both (A) and (R) are false statements |
| Assertion(A): | Coacervates are believed to be the precursors of life. |
| Reason(R): | Coacervates were self-duplicating aggregates of proteins surrounded by lipid molecules. |
| 1. | Both (A) & (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A) |
| 2. | Both (A) & (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A) |
| 3. | (A) is true but (R) is false |
| 4. | Both (A) and (R) are false |
| A. | New species evolve when one (or) more population of a species becomes separated from the other population of the species due to geographical barrier |
| B. | Small groups of individuals break off from the larger group and form a new species |
| C. | Over the time, cessation of the gene flow between geographically isolated population leads to the reproductive isolation |
| D. | The initial stage of allopatric speciation is polymorphism that does not depend on space within a population |
| E. | As a result of natural selection, geographically separate population become adapted to local conditions and thus they are genetically differentiated |