Passage cells are thin walled cells found in
1. Phloem elements to serve as entry points
2. Testa of seeds for emergence of embryonal axis
3. Central area of style for passage of pollen tube
4. Endodermis of roots to facilitate rapid transport of water from cortex to pericycle

The length of different internodes in a culm of sugarcane is variable because of
1. Size of leaf lamina at the node below each internode
2. Intercalary meristem
3. Shoot apical meristem
4. Position of axillary buds

Vascular tissue in flowering plants develops from
1. Dermatogen
2. Plerome
3. Periblem
4. Phellogen

The annular and spirally thickened conducting elements generally develop in the protoxylem when the root or stem is

In barley stem, vascular bundles are
1. closed and radial
2. open and scattered
3. closed and scattered
4. open and in a ring

Palisade parenchyma is absent in leaves of
1. Gram
2. Sorghum
3. Mustard
4. Soybean

Anatomically, fairly old dicotyledonous root is distinguished from the dicotyledonous stem by
1. Position of protoxylem
2. Absence of secondary xylem
3. Absence of secondary phloem
4. Presence of cortex

Heart wood differs from sapwood in
1. Absence of vessels and parenchyma
2. Having dead and non-conducting elements
3. Being susceptible to pests and pathogens
4. Presence of rays and fibres

Which one of the following is not a lateral meristem
1. Interfascicular cambium
2. Phellogen
3. Intercalary meristem
4. Intrafascicular cambium

In land plants, the guard cells differ from other epidermal cells in having
1. Cytoskeleton
2. Mitochondria
3. Endoplasmic reticulum
4.Chloroplasts