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1. T.W Engelmann:
I: described first absorption spectrum of photosynthesis.
II: first showed that it is only the green part of the plants that could release oxygen.
1. Only I is correct
2. Only II is correct
3. Both I and II are correct
4. Both I and II are incorrect

2. Membranous system consisting of grana in the chloroplast:
I: is responsible for trapping the light energy.
II: is responsible for the synthesis of ATP and NADPH.
1. Only I is correct
2. Only II is correct
3. Both I and II are correct
4. Both I and II are incorrect

3. A chromatographic separation of the leaf pigments shows that the colour that we see in leaves is not due to a single pigment but due to four pigments. The colours bright or blue green in the chromatogram are associated with:
1. Chlorophyll a
2. Chlorophyll b
3. Xanthophylls
4. Carotenoids

4. Consider the two statements:
Assertion: Higher rate of photosynthesis is seen when plants are provided with blue and red regions
of wavelengths of visible light.
Reason: There is maximum absorption by chlorophyll a in the blue and the red regions of the visible light.
1. Assertion is true but Reason is false
2. Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason explains Assertion
3. Both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason does not explain Assertion
4. Both Assertion and Reason are false

5. In PS I the reaction centre chlorophyll a has an absorption peak at:
1. 400 nm
2. 430 nm
3. 680 nm
4. 700 nm

6. The electrons that are moved from photosystem II are replaced by electron from:
1. PS I
2. Water
3. Glucose
4. Acetyl CoA

7. Consider the two statements:

Assertion:	Cyclic photophosphorylation results only in the synthesis of ATP, but not of NADPH + H+.
Reason:	Cyclic photophosphorylation occurs only when light of wavelengths beyond 680 nm are available for excitation.

1. Assertion is true but Reason is false
2. Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason explains Assertion
3. Both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason does not explain Assertion
4. Both Assertion and Reason are false

8. Consider the two statements:
Assertion: The protons or hydrogen ions that are produced by the splitting of water accumulate
within the lumen of the thylakoids.
Reason:  The primary accepter of electron which is located towards the outer side of the membrane
transfers its electron not to an electron carrier but to an H carrier.
1. Assertion is true but Reason is false
2. Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason explains Assertion
3. Both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason does not explain Assertion
4. Both Assertion and Reason are false

9. The ATP synthase enzyme consists of two parts where:
I: CF₀ is embedded in the thylakoid membrane and forms a transmembrane channel that carries out facilitated diffusion of protons across the membrane.
II: CF₁ protrudes on the outer surface of the thylakoid membrane on the side that faces the stroma.
1. Only I is correct
2. Only II is correct
3. Both I and II are correct
4. Both I and II are incorrect

10. The products of light reaction of photosynthesis include all the following except:
1. ATP
2. NADPH
3. Glucose
4. O₂

11. The radioactive isotope of carbon used by Melvin Calvin to work out the complete biosynthetic pathway in C₃ plants was:
1. ¹¹C
2. ¹²C
3. ¹³C
4. ¹⁴C

12. Consider the two statements:

Assertion:	The primary acceptor of carbon dioxide in C3 plants is a 2-carbon compound.
Reason:	The first product of carbon dioxide fixation in these plants is a C3 acid.

1. Assertion is true but Reason is false
2. Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason explains Assertion
3. Both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason does not explain Assertion
4. Assertion is false but Reason is true

13. The number of atoms of carbon in a molecule of oxaloacetic acid is:
1. 1
2. 3
3. 4
4. 5

14. Regarding the temperature optimum for photosynthesis of different plants:
I: Tropical plants have a lower temperature optimum than the plants adapted to temperate climates.
II: The C₄ plants respond to higher temperatures and show higher rate of photosynthesis while C₃ plants have a much lower temperature optimum.
1. Only I is correct
2. Only II is correct
3. Both I and II are correct
4. Both I and II are incorrect

15. Consider the two statements:
Assertion: The light-independent reactions do not require light, but they are most likely to occur during the day.
Reason: NADPH and ATP from the light-dependent reactions are used in the light-independent reactions.
1. Assertion is true but Reason is false
2. Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason explains Assertion
3. Both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason does not explain Assertion
4. Assertion is false but Reason is true

16. What is the primary form of sugar that is transported from the site of photosynthesis to the rest of the plant?
1. glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
2. glucose
3. ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate
4. sucrose

17. In the ‘Regeneration’ stage of the Calvin cycle:
1. Five G3P molecules produce three RuBP molecules, using up three molecules of ATP.
2. Three G3P molecules produce five RuBP molecules, using up three molecules of ATP.
3. Three G3P molecules produce five RuBP molecules, using up five molecules of ATP.
4. Five G3P molecules produce three RuBP molecules, using up five molecules of ATP.

18. C₄ carbon fixation, one of three known photosynthetic processes of carbon fixation in plants, is also called as:
1. Calvin Benson cycle
2. Tricarboxylic acid cycle
3. Hatch–Slack pathway
4. Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway

19. In C₄ plants:
Statement I: CO₂ is initially incorporated into a four-carbon organic acid (either malate or aspartate) in the mesophyll cells.
Statement II: The chloroplasts of the bundle sheath cells convert this CO₂ into carbohydrates by the conventional C₃ pathway.  
1. Statement I is correct; Statement II is incorrect
2. Statement I is incorrect; Statement II is incorrect
3. Statement I is incorrect; Statement II is correct
4. Statement I is correct; Statement II is correct

20. The source of O₂ released during photosynthesis is:
1. carbon dioxide
2. water
3. glucose
4. chlorophyll

21. RuBisCO:
I:  is the most abundant enzyme in the world
II: is characterised by the fact that its active site can bind to both CO₂ and O₂
III: has a much greater affinity for CO₂ when the CO₂: O₂ is nearly equal
1. Only I and II are correct
2. Only I and III are correct
3.  Only II and III are correct
4. I, II and III are correct

22. Consider the two statements:
Assertion: Except for plants in shade or in dense forests, light is rarely a limiting factor for photosynthesis in nature.
Reason: Increase in incident light beyond a point causes the breakdown of chlorophyll and a decrease in photosynthesis.
1. Assertion is true but Reason is false
2. Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason explains Assertion
3. Both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason does not explain Assertion
4. Assertion is false but Reason is true

23. Consider the two statements:

Assertion (A):	Current availability of CO2 levels is limiting to the C3 plants.
Reason:	Carbon dioxide is the major limiting factor for photosynthesis.

 

1.	(A) is True but (R) is False
2.	Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) explains (A)
3.	Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) does not explain (A)
4.	(A) is False but (R) is True

24. ‘The effect of water as a factor affecting photosynthesis is more through its effect on the plant, rather than directly on photosynthesis’. Which of the following support this statement?
I: Water stress causes the stomata to close hence reducing the CO₂ availability.
II: Water stress also makes leaves wilt, thus, increasing the surface area of the leaves and their metabolic activity as well.
1. Only I
2. Only II
3. Both I and II
4. Neither I nor II

25. Consider the given two statements:
Assertion: Plants that do not use PEP-carboxylase in carbon fixation are called C₃ plants.
Reason: The primary carboxylation reaction in C₃ plants, catalyzed by RuBisCO, produces the three-carbon 3-phosphoglyceric acids directly in the Calvin-Benson cycle.
1. Assertion is true but Reason is false
2. Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason explains Assertion
3. Both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason does not explain Assertion
4. Assertion is false but Reason is true