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1. Consider the given two statements:
Assertion: The artificial systems used for classification of living organisms are not very acceptable to taxonomists.
Reason: The artificial systems give more weightage to vegetative characteristics and no weightage to sexual characteristics and the sexual characteristics are easily affected by environment.
1. Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason correctly explains the Assertion.
2. Both Assertion and Reason are false.
3. Assertion is true but Reason is false.
4. Both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason does not correctly explain the Assertion. 

2. Gametes in Spirogyra are:
1. flagellated and similar in size
2. flagellated and dissimilar in size
3. non-flagellated and dissimilar in size
4. non-flagellated and similar in size

3. Which of the following options most accurately describes algae in general?
1. Algae are chlorophyll-bearing, thalloid, autotrophic and largely aquatic
(both fresh water and marine) organisms.
2. Algae are chlorophyll-bearing, having highly differentiated body, autotrophic and
exclusively found in fresh water organisms.
3. Algae are chlorophyll-bearing or parasitic heterotrophic organisms,
thalloid and largely marine organisms.
4. Algae are chlorophyll-lacking, thalloid, autotrophic and largely saprophytic
organisms found in both fresh and marine waters.

4. Pyrenoids:
I. are found in chloroplasts of many algae.
II. contain protein besides starch.
1. Only I is correct
2. Only II is correct
3. Both I and II are correct
4. Both I and II are incorrect

5. Identify the correct match:

I	Green algae	2-8 flagella; equal in length and apical in insertion
II	Brown algae	Food stored as floridean starch
III	Red algae	Pear-shaped gametes bearing two laterally attached flagella

1. Only I
2. Only II and III
3. Only III
4. I, II and III

6. All the following belong to phaeophyceae except:
1. Ectocarpus
2. Polysiphonia
3. Dictyota
4. Laminaria

7. One of the commercial products obtained from Gelidium and Gracilaria and which is used to grow microbes and in preparations of ice-creams and jellies is:
1. Agar
2. Algin
3. Carrageen
4. Inulin

8. Consider the given two statements:
Assertion: Bryophytes are called amphibians of the plant kingdom.
Reason:  Bryophytes play an important role in plant succession on bare rocks.
1. Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason correctly explains the Assertion.
2. Both Assertion and Reason are false.
3. Assertion is true but Reason is false.
4. Both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason does not correctly explain the Assertion.   

9.  Gemmae are:
1. Asexual buds found in liverworts
2. Sex organs in mosses
3. Resting zygote in many fungi
4. Endospores of certain bacteria

10. What would be true regarding structures labelled as A and B in the given diagram of Funaria, a moss?

I. A is the gametophyte and B is the sporophyte.
II. The ploidy of cells in A will be haploid and the ploidy of cells in B will be diploid.
1. Only I
2. Only II
3. Both I and II
4. Neither I nor II

11. Evolutionarily, the first terrestrial plants to possess vascular tissues – xylem and phloem, are:
1. Bryophytes
2. Pteridophytes
3. Gymnosperms
4. Angiosperms    

12.  The leaves in pteridophyta are:
1. microphylls in Selaginella or macrophylls in ferns.
2. macrophylls in Selaginella or microphylls in ferns.
3. microphylls in Selaginella and ferns.
4. macrophylls in Selaginella and ferns.

13. In majority of the pteridophytes:
I. transfer of male gamete to the female gamete does not require water
II. all the spores are of similar kinds
1. Both I and II are correct
2. Both I and II are incorrect
3. Only I is correct
4. Only II is correct

14. The class of pteridophytes to which Selaginella belongs is:
1. Psilopsida
2. Sphenopsida
3. Lycopsida
4. Pteropsida

15. The giant redwood tree Sequoia, one of the tallest tree species, is a:
1. Pteridophyte
2. Monocot angiosperm
3. Dicot angiosperm
4. Gymnosperm

16. The reduced male gametophyte in a gymnosperm is called a:
1. pollen grain
2. microsporangium
3. microsporophyll
4. antheredium

17. Consider the two statements:
Statement I: The gymnosperms are plants in which the ovules are not enclosed by any ovary wall and remain exposed, both before and after fertilisation.
Statement II: The seeds that develop post-fertilisation, are not covered, i.e., are naked.
1. Statement I is correct; Statement II is incorrect
2. Statement I is incorrect; Statement II is incorrect
3. Statement I is correct; Statement II is correct
4. Statement I is incorrect; Statement II is correct

18. The classification based on the premise that organisms belonging to the same taxa have a common ancestor is called as:
1. Cytotaxonomy
2. Phylogenetic system
3.  Chemotaxonomy
4. Numerical taxonomy

19. The form and size of algae is highly variable. Which of the following is/are correct?
I. Ulothrix is a colonial alga.
II.  Volvox is a filamentous alga.
1. Only I
2. Only II
3. Both I and II
4. Neither I nor II

20. Reproduction involving fusion between one large, non-motile (static) female gamete and a smaller, motile male gamete is termed:
1. Isogamous
2. Agamous
3. Anisogamous
4. Oogamous

21. Green algae usually have a rigid cell wall made of:
1. an inner layer of cellulose and an outer layer of pectose
2. an inner layer of pectose and an outer layer of cellulose
3. an inner layer of cellulose and an outer layer of lignin
4. an inner layer of cellulose and an outer layer of chitin

22. Identify the incorrect statement:
1. The gymnosperms are heterosporous.
2. Spores in gymnosperms are produced within sporangia.
3. Sporangia in gymnosperms are borne on sporophylls which are arranged spirally along
an axis to form lax or compact strobili or cones.
4. Male strobili in gymnosperms are called macrosporangiate.

23. The leafy stage in the life cycle of a moss:
1. develops from the primary protonema.
2. consists of upright, slender axes bearing spirally arranged leaves.
3. is attached to the soil through unicellular and unbranched rhizoids.
4. lacks the sex organs.

24. The pattern where a dominant, independent, photosynthetic, thalloid or erect phase is represented by a haploid gametophyte and it alternates with the short-lived multicellular sporophyte totally or partially dependent on the gametophyte for its anchorage and nutrition is seen in:
1. Pteridophytes
2. Bryophytes
3. Gymnosperms
4. Angiosperms

25. The correct statements regarding the life cycle seen in various algae will be:
I.  Most algal genera are haplontic
II.  Genera such as Ectocarpus, Polysiphonia, and kelps are diplontic
III. Fucus is diplontic
1. Only I
2. Only III
3. Only I and III
4. I, II and III